On cultural differences.
Christian writes about differences on the international level; how even something as simple as people's names isn't always easy, and that one has to be quite careful to avoid calling people 'Dear Verhelst', or some such, because you assumed that their first name was indeed their given name, while in their culture the last name is the given name.
Funnily, Christian advocates using capital letters to clarify which part of one's name should be considered the family name.
Sorry to disappoint you, Christian. Writing one's last name with all capitals is a French typographical convention. While it is understood in other places, it is not often used outside of France (except in organisations with a strong link to France, obviously); and it is, in fact, shouting.
It is also not actually helping any. I should, in fact, somewhere in my mailbox archive have an email reply from a South Korean guy that starts off like so:
Dear TIA,
to which I then had to explain that no, TIA is not my first name, it is an abbreviation for "Thanks In Advance".
Note the use of capitals.
Since I can't find a comment link on his blog, I'll just spam yours :o).
Assuming you're sending someone an e-mail in English, there's no need for any fansy pants business. "To whom it may concern" is plenty polite if you have any problems make sense of their name. You can't really go wrong with "Dear [Full Name]" either, even if it is a weird one with funny characters and capitals in silly places. No one expects you to understand their culture perfectly when you send them a quick e-mail.
There is no "one culture fits all" greeting. So use the ones you feel are polite. When in doubt, ask. A simple "what should I call you?" is really all it takes.
I'm getting the impression people are trying to make things a lot more difficult than they are...
One of my former employers made it a point to bolden the name which people should be called by on their id cards. I found this especially useful when I was speaking to colleagues from China due to my lack of their naming conventions.
Perhaps someone should write an RFC to include this as a optional field in emails?